Lipid+degradation+(fatty+acid+release)+by+phenol+red

Phenol Red Indicator Dye
The indicator dye, phenol red, is useful for measuring pH values between 6.8 and 8.4. You will use phenol red to observe changes in pH that result from the acidity of the fatty acids that are formed as the triglycerides in cream are digested forming fatty acids and glycerol. You will add NaOH (sodium hydroxide) to all tubes at the start making all tubes initially alkaline. The more enzyme activity, the more fatty acids, the more acid (lower pH), the more "yellow" the tube will become.


 * || +++ || Fuschia || Alkaline || None ||
 * . . . . . . . || ++++ || Red || Neutral || Some ||
 * || ++ || Yellow || Acid || Most ||
 * Color || Symbol || Description || pH || Amount of Lipase Activity ||


 * **pH** || **Color** || (of Indicator) ||
 * acid || yellow ||  ||
 * neutral || red || (this may be a peach color) ||
 * alkaline || pink || (this may be fuchsia or "hot" pink) ||
 * [[image:http://samson.kean.edu/~breid/enzyme/lipase.jpg width="200" height="209" link="http://samson.kean.edu/~breid/enzyme/lipase.jpg"]] tubes in water bath for 20 minutes || [[image:http://samson.kean.edu/~breid/enzyme/lipase2.jpg width="200" height="150" link="http://samson.kean.edu/~breid/enzyme/lipase2.jpg"]] ||



Bile Salts
Fat digestion is facilitated by the presence of [|bile salts] (a component of bile produced in the liver), which bring about a physical (not enzymatic) breakdown of large fat droplets into smaller particles. This process is called emulsification.